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The Indian Claims Commission
In 1946, the United States created a special body to address the many long-standing grievances that Native nations held against…
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A Century of Land Loss on the Northern Plains
The century that followed the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie saw a dramatic reduction in the lands held by Native…
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The Dawes Act and Allotment on the Plains
Among the policies that most drastically reshaped Native land ownership was the General Allotment Act of 1887, commonly known as…
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United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians (1980)
In 1980, the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark decision in a case that reached back more than a…
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The 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie and the Great Sioux Reservation
Seventeen years after the great council of 1851, the United States and the Lakota and their allies negotiated a second…
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The Black Hills, the Gold Rush, and the Breaking of the 1868 Treaty
The Black Hills, known to the Lakota as a place of profound spiritual significance, sit at the heart of one…
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Genocide: Systematic Harm to a People by Another
The word genocide was created in the twentieth century to name a crime that had long existed but lacked a…
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United States Constitution (Article I & Vi)
Two parts of the United States Constitution are especially important for understanding the legal status of treaties made with Native…
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Governing Manners
Long before written constitutions came to the Northern Plains, the nations who lived there governed themselves through well-developed traditions of…
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Why Is the 1851 Treaty Still Relevant in Modern Times?
The Treaty of Fort Laramie, also known as the 1851 Treaty, holds enduring significance, not just for its historical context…
Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
(Horse Creek Treaty)
